Facial emotion recognition deficits in patients with bipolar disorder and their healthy parents

Abstract

Background: There is evidence on deficits in facial emotion recognition (FER) in patients with bipolar disorder (BD), and these deficits may be present in individuals with genetic risk for BD. This study investigated facial emotion identification and discrimination abilities in patients with BD, their parents, and healthy controls. Materials and methods: This study included 38 patients with bipolar I disorder and 30 healthy controls for pa- tients as well as 30 healthy mothers and 30 healthy fathers of these patients and 30 healthy controls who matched the mothers and fathers for age, gender, and education (total 188 participants). Facial Emotion Identification and Discrimination Tests were applied to all participants; the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Young Mania Rating Scale were applied to patients and their control group. Results: Facial Emotion Identification and Discrimination Test scores of patients and their parents were rea- sonably lower than their matching control groups. Moreover, we found that difficulty in FER affected more emotions in mothers than in fathers and mothers performed significantly worse than patients in the identifi- cation of angry and embarrassed faces. Conclusion: These findings indicate that parents of patients with BD have impairment with recognizing facial emotions and suggest that there may be an association between FER of patients with BD and that of their mothers.