Immune responses in women with periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: Levels of CD4+and CD8+T cells in gingival granulation tissue

Abstract

Objective: Preterm Low-Birth-Weight (PLBW) is frequently associated with periodontal disease. However, the mechanism is still unknown. The present study was performed to examine the possible link between periodontal infections and PLBW in post-partum women utilizing clinical parameters and CD4+ and CD8 + T lymphocytes ratio in gingival granulation tissue.

Materials: The tissues used in this study consisted of 35 gingival granulation tissue biopsies from 35 mothers of healthy infants (HTBW), 35 biopsies of gingival granulation tissue from 35 mothers of PLBW within one month postpartum and gingival tissue biopsies from 7 control individual with no periodontal disease (HC). CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocyte ratios in a unit area of the gingival granulation tissue were determined by hystometrically. Statistical analysis was performed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests.

Results: CD8 + T lymphocytes were more prevalent in the PLBW group than in the HTBW and HC group (P < 0.05). The CD4 + /CD8 + ratio in the PLBW group was lower than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in CD4 + T lymphocytes counts between all groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Within the limits of this study it can be concluded that CD8 + T lymphocytes in gingival tissue may play important roles in the pathogenesis of periodontitis and PLBW.